BOTANY LABORATORY ACTIVITIES

Compiled by:
Samantha Dolen

Dept. of Biological Sciences, Illinois State University, Normal, IL 61790-4120

These resources were compiled as part of an Independent Study project in science education conducted under the supervision of Prof. J. E. Armstrong. Project Completion: July 1993


INTRODUCTION This file is presented as a supplimentary resource to Biology and Chemistry teachers in Secondary Education. With the increased emphasis on improving the problem solving abilities of today's students, laboratory activities have become more and more important in the science curriculum. Unfortunately, many teachers are not equipped with the resources (e.g. money, time, facilities) to conduct full-scale investigative laboratories. However, many science teachers have developed, through years of teaching and testing, methods by which students can become familiar with laboratory work and increase their ability to solve problems.

The following entries are from books, journals, and microfiche and provide many ways in which simple, inexpensive laboratories may be run. Using the information provided below, you may locate the article and prepare an activity that has been shown to provide useful learning in the secondary classroom. It is the intention of this project to provide only resource and helpful citations to teachers interested in performing successful laboratories. These resources were compiled in preparation for student teaching, and having done the work, these citations are made available to teachers without access to ERIC and other educational databases, and to save others from having to make similar searches.


What is ERIC?

The following lists of resources are largely from the ERIC database (Educational Resources Information Center), a national information system designed and supported by the U.S. Department of Education to provide ready access to exemplary programs, research and development efforts, and related information that can be used in developing more effective educational programs. ERIC gives listings of both educational journals and microfiche. ERIC uses systematic keyword searches to refernces of innovative programs, conference proceedings, bibliographies, professional papers, curriculum-related materials, and reports of educational reasearch. "Descriptors" are assigned to each report so that they may be found through a subject index. The descriptors used to locate the following citations are listed so that similar articles may be located if the user desires to conduct a future search. Two other resources that correspond to ERIC are Resources in Education (RIE) and Current Index to Journals in Education.


These exercises include work on photosynthesis, sexual reproduction, phototaxis, alternation of generations, etc. Some of these articles are directed at Middle school and upper elementary, but can easily be formulated to introductory high school courses by using higher order questioning. Examples are given to aid in students developing and testing hypotheses related to changing environmental factors on plant growth. There is also investigation into plant involvement in the environment as "weeds."

1> Student should be able to describe the diversity of structure in plants, including bryophytes, ferns, gymnosperms, and angiosperms.

2> The student should understand adaptions of plants for acquiring and conserving water and give examples.

3> The student will identify and describe the various structures and their functions of vascular plant parts and their adaptations to environmental change.


TOPIC: How-to-Do-it: Plant Growth Response to Touch--Literally a "Hands-on" Exercise!

AUTHOR: Marian Smith. American-Biology-Teacher, Vol 53 n2 p111-14 Feb 1991.

ABSTRACT: Plant response to touch and shaking can be demonstrated in the common bush bean in the classroom. bean seedlings of about two weeks old are ideal. All that is required are seeds and soil in planting flats. Clorox bleach to kill fungus on seeds and clean water are also required. All plants of the same experiment should be kept together so they experience the same light, temperature, etc. Plants can be rubbed at the first internode ranging from zero times a day to about thirty times daily. Ten times daily is a good variable between plants in an experiment. This study can be used to emphasize competition and adaptation of plants in their environment.


AUTHOR: Roth,-Kathleen-J.; Anderson,-Charles-W.

TITLE: The Power Plant: Teacher's Guide to Photosynthesis. Occasional Paper No. 112. Michigan State Univ., East Lansing. Inst. for Research on Teaching. 1987

AVAILABILITY: Institute for Research on Teaching, College of Education, Michigan State University, 252 Erickson Hall, East Lansing, MI 48824 ($11.50).

DESCRIPTIVE NOTE: 115 p.; Portions of transparencies will not reproduce clearly.

DOCUMENT TYPE: Guides - Classroom - Teacher (052)

DESCRIPTORS: Botany-; Concept-Formation; Experiential-Learning; Junior-High-Schools; Laboratory-Procedures; Middle-Schools; Misconceptions-; Science-Curriculum; Science-Education; Science- Experiments

DESCRIPTORS: *Photosynthesis-; *Science-Activities; *Science- Instruction; *Secondary-School-Science; *Teaching-Methods

ABSTRACT: This document contains a set of instructional materials about photosynthesis that were used in a research study of middle school science teaching during 1985-86. The Middle School Science Project investigated ways to help middle school science teachers use teaching strategies that were identified in earlier studies as particularly effective in promoting meaningful conceptual- change learning. Such learning requires students to go beyond memorization of facts and terminology and to make sense of scientific explanations of phenomena. For students, such learning in science often requires them to go through a difficult process of conceptual change, reshaping and abandoning ideas or misconceptions that they have developed from experience and have believed for a long time. The materials include an introductory description of students' difficulties related to learning about photosynthesis, a student text with accompanying comments and suggestions to teachers, a set of overhead transparent masters, and suggested laboratory activities.


TITLE: CATALASE- THE TEACHER'S FRIEND

AUTHOR: Mike Newman London Borough of Haringey 48 Station Road, London N22 Article Available in: School Science Review, School Notes September 1990, 72 (258)

Exercise 1: Given hydrogen peroxide and samples of materials (we used liver, carrot, potato, avocado, mango and green banana) can you:

1 establish which of the samples shows catalase activity?

2 rank them for activity?

3 Quantify their activity?

4 establish whether the activity is linear over time?

This task gives immediate feedback-- dropping a slice of any of the materials into the peroxide immediately results in obvious fizzing, bubbling, or frothing, with clear differences between them. One can estimate froth height, volume of gas collected over water, or bubble rate, although the range of simple devices to do these things is very wide.


TITLE: CLONING IN THE CLASSROOM

AUTHOR: K. Hughes Stowmarket High School Stowmarket, Suffolk Article Available in: School Science Review, Science Notes June 1992, 73 (265)

ABSTRACT: This article presents a way for students to observe cloning with some very simple, inexpensive tools. To clone cauliflower plants, everything must be sterilized and a commercial growing medium is needed. One floret will be plenty for a class of 25 students. The author points out that this example brings about the need for sterile techniqures, ideas about cell culture and growth, and an insight into practical applications of science, as well as some interesting microbiology when sterile technique were ineffective.


AUTHOR: Bandy,-Marlin-Robert

TITLE: See How They Grow. 1983 Science-and-Children; v21 n2 p42-43 Oct 1983

DOCUMENT TYPE: Journal Articles (080); Reports - Descriptive

DESCRIPTORS: Biological-Sciences; Deduction-; Elementary- Education; Fertilizers-; Metric-System; Observation-; Physical- Environment; Science-Education

DESCRIPTORS: *Botany-; *Elementary-School-Science; *Environmental-Influences; *Hypothesis-Testing; *Plant-Growth; *Science-Activities

ABSTRACT: laboratory activities that encourage students to develop and test hypothesis related to the effects of changing environmental factors on plant growth. emphasizes uniform testing, careful observation, measurements, and graphing.


TOPIC: THE EFFECT OF DAY LENGTH UPON FLOWERING

AUTHOR: Adelaide Hechtlinger Handbook of Modern Experiment for High School Biology

ABSTRACT: The objective is to determine how plants respond to length of day during flowering. This experiment helps to introduce the concept of photoperiod and photoperiodism. This is a fairly simple exercise to set-up and observe. There are few requirments for operation short of seeds and soil and a powerful light source. This can be brought into reproduction of plants, flower production, pollenators (day and nocturnal), etc. This exercise could possibly be introduced when seeds and soil nutrients are first introduced. By the time the plants are old enough to flower, the students will also be ready to discuss this topic. In this way the plants can serve many educational needs.


AUTHOR: James,-Daniel-E.

TITLE: Take a Dip! Culturing Algae Is Easy. 1983 Science-Teacher; v50 n5 p44-47 May 1983

DOCUMENT TYPE: Journal Articles (080); Reports - Descriptive

DESCRIPTORS: Science-Education; Secondary-Education

DESCRIPTORS: *Biology-; *Botany-; *Science-Activities; *Science- Experiments; *Secondary-School-Science

ABSTRACT: laboratory activities using algae; examination of typical cells, alternation of generation, sexual reproduction, phototaxis, effects of nitrate concentration, and competition between algae in same environment.


AUTHOR: Canipe,-Stephen

TITLE: Kudzu--Wonder Weed. 1984

DESCRIPTIVE NOTE: 16 p.

DOCUMENT TYPE: Guides - Classroom - Learner (051)

DESCRIPTORS: Environmental-Education; Laboratory-Procedures; Learning-Activities; Science-Education; Secondary-Education; Values-Clarification

DESCRIPTORS: *Botany-; *Pests-; *Plant-Growth; *Science- Activities; *Secondary-School-Science; *Weeds-

ABSTRACT: Kudzu (Pueraria lobata) is a high climbing, exceedingly vigorous vine. Has been known to choke trees and short electrical wires, can be used in erasional areas, and is a legume--nitrogen fertilizer. Includes: List of objectives, list of nine activities, value clarification activities, background informatin on plant, directions for planting, and two laboratory activities--use of weed killers on kudzu, and vegetative growth of plant.


TOPIC: FRANK'S SIMPLEX POTOMETER

AUTHORS: Frank Rhoden and Sean P. Moran Philips High School, Whitefieldhitefield, Manchester M257PH, UK Article available in: School Science Review, Science Notes September, 1992, 74 (266)

ABSTRACT: The potometer can be easily made to measure uptake of water by plants under different conditions. Commercial designs are expensive. This design uses a test tube with a bent capillary tube. The "u-bent" tube also keeps air from entering with the water. This can be used to demonstrate water-uptake by roots of normal plants. Photosynthetic activity could be used as a variable. Nutrients in the soil could be altered. Different types of roots and various sizes could be tested. Because these tubes are inexpensive and easy to assemble, many types of studies can be done by students. Suggested units include osmosis and nutrient uptake by plants.


AU: Clifford,-Paul-E.; Oxlade,-Edwin-L.

TI: Using Dandelion Flower Stalks for Gravitropic Studies.

PY: 1991

JN: American-Biology-Teacher; v53 n5 p290-93 May 1991

DT: Journal Articles (080); Guides - Classroom - Teacher (052)

DE: Biology-; Laboratory-Experiments; Laboratory-Procedures; Science-Education; Secondary-Education; Teaching-Methods; Weeds-

DE: *Microscopes-; *Plant-Growth; *Plants-Botany; *Science- Activities; *Secondary-School-Science

AB: Activities that use dandelions to show the phenomena of geotropism and autotropism are described. Directions for collecting the stalks and observing the gravitropic response are included. The topics of lag time and bending rates, autotropism, growth rate changes, presentation time, and gravity detection are discussed. (KR)


AU: Barclay,-Greg-Fraser; Clifford,-Paul-E.

TI: Using Light Microscopy to Study Geotropism.

PY: 1991

JN: American-Biology-Teacher; v53 n5 p285-86 May 1991

DT: Journal Articles (080); Guides - Classroom - Teacher (052)

DE: Biology-; Laboratory-Experiments; Laboratory-Procedures; Science-Education; Secondary-Education; Teaching-Methods; Weeds-

DE: *Microscopes-; *Plant-Growth; *Plants-Botany; *Science- Activities; *Secondary-School-Science

AB: An activity that uses dandelions to show the phenomenon of geotropism is described. The process of sedimentation, which causes the bending, is observed at moderate magnification under a standard microscope. A list of needed materials, directions for the tissue dissection, and time-lapse photographs of the process are included. (KR)


AU: Aston,-T.-J.; Robinson,-G.

TI: Teaching Light Compensation Point: A New Practical Approach.

PY: 1986

JN: Journal-of-Biological-Education; v20 n3 p189-94 Aut 1986

DT: Journal Articles (080); Guides - Classroom - Teacher (052)

DE: Botany-; Laboratory-Experiments; Science-Education; Secondary-Education

DE: *Biology-; *Light-; *Photosynthesis-; *Science-Experiments; *Science-Instruction; *Secondary-School-Science

AB: Describes a simple method for measuring respiration, net photosynthesis, and compensation points of plants in relation to light intensity. Outlines how the method can be used in teaching physiological adaptation. Includes a set of the experiment's results. (ML)